Explain how quantum tunneling is utilized in modern technologies. Quantum tunneling is a phenomenon in which particles penetrate a potential energy barrier with a height greater than the total energy of the particles. The phenomenon is interesting and important because it violates the principles of classical mechanics.Gravity and quantum mechanics tend to stay out of each other's way, but this might change as we devise new experiments to test the applicability of quantum theory to macroscopic systems and larger ... This course presents the fundamental concepts of quantum mechanics: wave properties, uncertainty principles, the Schrödinger equation, and operator and matrix methods. Key topics include commutation rule definitions of scalar, vector, and spherical tensor operators; the Wigner-Eckart theorem; and 3j (Clebsch-Gordan) coefficients. In addition, we deal with many-body systems, exemplified by ... This is the first semester of a two-semester graduate-level subject on quantum theory, stressing principles. Quantum theory explains the nature and behavior of matter and energy on the atomic and subatomic level. Topics include Fundamental Concepts, Quantum Dynamics, Composite Systems, Symmetries in Quantum Mechanics, and Approximation Methods. Nov 29, 2000 · Quantum mechanics is, at least at first glance and at least in part, a mathematical machine for predicting the behaviors of microscopic particles — or, at least, of the measuring instruments we use to explore those behaviors — and in that capacity, it is spectacularly successful: in terms of power and precision, head and shoulders above any theory we have ever had. quantum mechanics. Space We finally know why Stephen Hawking's black hole equation works Stephen Hawking and Jacob Bekenstein calculated the entropy of a black hole in the 1970s, but it took ...In quantum mechanics, the probability current (sometimes called probability flux) is a mathematical quantity describing the flow of probability.Specifically, if one thinks of probability as a heterogeneous fluid, then the probability current is the rate of flow of this fluid. It is a real vector that changes with space and time. Probability currents are …This course presents the fundamental concepts of quantum mechanics: wave properties, uncertainty principles, the Schrödinger equation, and operator and matrix methods. Key topics include commutation rule definitions of scalar, vector, and spherical tensor operators; the Wigner-Eckart theorem; and 3j (Clebsch-Gordan) coefficients. In addition, we deal … quantum mechanics, Branch of mathematical physics that deals with atomic and subatomic systems. It is concerned with phenomena that are so small-scale that they cannot be described in classical terms, and it is formulated entirely in terms of statistical probabilities. Considered one of the great ideas of the 20th century, quantum mechanics was ... All are based upon quantum theory (i.e., quantum mechanics and quantum field theory) and relativity, which together form the theoretical foundations of modern physics. Many …Chapter 2: 1D Wave Mechanics. Chapter 3: Higher Dimensionality Effects. Chapter 4: Bra-ket Formalism. Chapter 5: Some Exactly Solvable Problems. Chapter 6: Perturbation Theories. Chapter 7: Open Quantum Systems. Chapter 8: Multiparticle Systems. Chapter 9: Introduction to Relativistic Quantum. Chapter 10: Making Sense of Quantum …The variational principle states, quite simply, that the ground-state energy, E0 E 0, is always less than or equal to the expectation value of H H calculated with the trial wavefunction: that is, E0 ≤ ψ|H|ψ . (13.1.2) (13.1.2) E 0 ≤ ψ | H | ψ . Thus, by varying ψ ψ until the expectation value of H H is minimized, we can obtain ...QUANTUM MECHANICS An innovative approach to quantum mechanics that seamlessly combines textbook and problem-solving book into one Quantum Mechanics: Concepts and Applications provides an in-depth treatment of this fundamental theory, combining detailed formalism with straightforward practice. Thoroughly integrating close to seven hundred …Course Description. This course covers the experimental basis of quantum physics. It introduces wave mechanics, Schrödinger’s equation in a single dimension, and Schrödinger’s equation in three dimensions. It is the first course in the undergraduate Quantum Physics sequence, followed by 8.05 Quantum Physics II and 8.06 Quantum ….Modern Quantum Mechanics is a classic graduate level textbook, covering the main concepts from quantum mechanics in a clear, organized and engaging manner. The original author, J. J. Sakurai, was a renowned particle theorist. This third edition, revised by Jim Napolitano, introduces topics that extend its value into the twenty-first century ...Nov 2, 2010 · One of the most basic consequences of quantum mechanics is that there is a wave associated with the motion of all matter, including electrons in an atom. Schrödinger came up with an equation that ... In this quantum physics introduction for beginners, we will explain quantum physics, also called quantum mechanics, in simple terms. Quantum physics is possibly the most fascinating part of physics that exists. It is the amazing physics that becomes relevant for small particles, where the so-called classical physics is no longer valid. If you have a copy of Griffiths, he has a nice discussion of this in the delta function potential section. In summary, if the energy is less than the potential at $-\infty$ and $+\infty$, then it is a bound state, and the spectrum will be discrete: $$ \Psi\left(x,t\right) = \sum_n c_n \Psi_n\left(x,t\right). $$ Otherwise (if the energy is greater than the potential at $-\infty$ …Instead, classical mechanics is now considered an approximate theory to the more general quantum mechanics. Emphasis has shifted to understanding the fundamental forces of nature as in the Standard Model and its more modern extensions into a unified theory of everything. Classical mechanics is a theory useful for the study of the motion …Quantum Mechanics: The Theoretical Minimum – Buy Now. Source: Leonard Susskind, Art Friedman/Amazon. Theoretical Minimum is a rare New York Times’ bestseller on quantum mechanics, written by ...Quantum mechanics was once mostly of interest to physicists, chemists and other basic scientists. Now the concepts and techniques of quantum mechanics are essential in many areas of engineering and science such as materials science, nanotechnology, electronic devices, and photonics. This course is a substantial introduction to quantum mechanics ...The new theory ignored the fact that electrons are particles and treated them as waves. By 1926 physicists had developed the laws of quantum mechanics, also called wave mechanics, to explain atomic and subatomic phenomena. When a beam of X-rays is aimed at a target material, some of the beam is deflected, and the scattered X-rays have a … This page titled 1: Introduction to Quantum Mechanics is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Niels Walet via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform; a detailed edit history is available upon request. Unlike a classical oscillator, the measured energies of a quantum oscillator can have only energy values given by Equation 7.6.6. Moreover, unlike the case for a quantum particle in a box, the allowable energy levels are evenly spaced, ΔE = En + 1 − En = 2(n + 1) + 1 2 ℏω − 2n + 1 2 ℏω = ℏω = hf.Quantum mechanics - Applications, Particles, Waves: As has been noted, quantum mechanics has been enormously successful in explaining microscopic phenomena in all branches of physics. The three phenomena described in this section are examples that demonstrate the quintessence of the theory. The kaon (also called the K0 meson), …Quantum Mechanics. Four basic principles of quantum mechanics are: (3.1) Physical States. Every physical system is associated with a Hilbert Space, every unit vector in the space corresponds to a …Page ID. Quantum mechanics explains the aspects of nature at ordinary (macroscopic) scales but extends this description to the small (atomic and subatomic) scales. There are …IB Quantum Mechanics. Notes and supplementary material for course taught in 2019-20. first time encounter similar problems and temporary confusions. and aptitudes. The article below discusses some points where. questions. It also gives links to a range of simulation tools.Gravity and quantum mechanics tend to stay out of each other's way, but this might change as we devise new experiments to test the applicability of quantum theory to macroscopic systems and larger ...Canonical commutation rule for position q and momentum p variables of a particle, 1927.pq − qp = h/(2πi).Uncertainty principle of Heisenberg, 1927. The uncertainty principle, also known as Heisenberg's indeterminacy principle, is a fundamental concept in quantum mechanics.It states that there is a limit to the precision with which certain pairs of …Unlike a classical oscillator, the measured energies of a quantum oscillator can have only energy values given by Equation 7.6.6. Moreover, unlike the case for a quantum particle in a box, the allowable energy levels are evenly spaced, ΔE = En + 1 − En = 2(n + 1) + 1 2 ℏω − 2n + 1 2 ℏω = ℏω = hf.Quantum Nanomechanics. The Quantum Nanomechanics group focuses on the quantum-mechanical behavior of macroscopic moving objects, using micro- and nanomechanical resonators at the ground state of motion. In our unique efforts, we seek to experimentally address the elusive interface between quantum mechanics and gravity.Modern Quantum Mechanics is a classic graduate level textbook, covering the main concepts from quantum mechanics in a clear, organized and engaging manner. The original author, J. J. Sakurai, was a renowned particle theorist. This third edition, revised by Jim Napolitano, introduces topics that extend its value into the twenty-first century ...Notes 1: The Mathematical Formalism of Quantum Mechanics, pdf format. Notes 2: The Postulates of Quantum Mechanics, pdf format. Notes 3: The Density Operator, pdf format. Notes 4: Spatial Degrees of Freedom, pdf format. Notes 5: Time Evolution in Quantum Mechanics, pdf format. Notes 6: Topics in One-Dimensional … The foundations of quantum mechanics Operators in quantum mechanics 1.1 Linear operators 1.2 Eigenfunctions and eigenvalues 1.3 Representations 1.4 Commutation and non-commutation 1.5 The construction of operators 1.6 Integrals over operators 1.7 Dirac bracket notation 1.8 Hermitian operators The postulates of quantum mechanics 1.9 States and ... Page ID. Quantum mechanics explains the aspects of nature at ordinary (macroscopic) scales but extends this description to the small (atomic and subatomic) scales. There are …Quantum Mechanics is a set of mathematical rules upon which physical theories are constructed. Applying the rules of quantum mechanics, it is possible to calculate the observables of an isolated physical system, at any instant in …Modern Quantum Mechanics, often called Sakurai or Sakurai and Napolitano, is a standard graduate-level quantum mechanics textbook written originally by J. J. Sakurai and edited by San Fu Tuan in 1985, with later editions coauthored by Jim Napolitano.Sakurai died in 1982 before he could finish the textbook and both the first …1. Key Features of Quantum Mechanics: Linearity of the Equations of Motion, Complex Numbers are Essential, Loss of Determinism, Quantum Superpositions, Entanglement (PDF) 2. Experiments with Photons: Mach-Zehder Interferometer, Elitzur-Vaidman Bombs (PDF) 3. Particle Nature of Light and Wave Nature of Matter: Photoelectric Effect, …Quantum mechanics opens the doors for Quantum Engineers to leverage quantum physics to deliver unprecedented solutions to engineering problems. Quantum Engineers specialise in how high-frequency, nanometer-scale electronics can be made to harness quantum nature. When you study Quantum Engineering at UNSW, you'll develop the …Quantum mechanics explains how the universe works with things that are even smaller than atoms. It is also called quantum physics or quantum theory. Mechanics is the part of physics that explains how things move and quantum is the Latin word for 'how much'. A quantum of energy is the least amount possible (or the least extra amount), and ...The quantum mechanical model of the atom (Opens a modal) Heisenberg uncertainty principle (Opens a modal) Quantum numbers (Opens a modal) Quantum numbers for the first four shells (Opens a modal) Nuclei. Learn. Mass defect and binding energy (Opens a modal) Nuclear stability and nuclear equations7.2: Wave functions. In quantum mechanics, the state of a physical system is represented by a wave function. In Born’s interpretation, the square of the particle’s wave function represents the probability density of finding the particle around a specific location in space. Wave functions must first be normalized before using them to make ...Quantum mechanics offers us a way to describe the atomic world to a surprising degree of precision. Its predictions often defy our intuition of the world. All of the remarkable and surprising quantum phenomena come from the fact that probability is at the heart of quantum mechanics. We can never know what will happen for sure.Nov 29, 2000 · Quantum mechanics is, at least at first glance and at least in part, a mathematical machine for predicting the behaviors of microscopic particles — or, at least, of the measuring instruments we use to explore those behaviors — and in that capacity, it is spectacularly successful: in terms of power and precision, head and shoulders above any theory we have ever had. The Principles of Quantum Mechanics is an influential monograph on quantum mechanics written by Paul Dirac and first published by Oxford University Press in 1930. Dirac gives an account of quantum mechanics by "demonstrating how to construct a completely new theoretical framework from scratch"; "problems were tackled top-down, … A fundamental concept in quantum mechanics is that of randomness, or indeterminacy. In general, the theory predicts only the probability of a certain result. Consider the case of radioactivity. Imagine a box of atoms with identical nuclei that can undergo decay with the emission of an alpha particle. In a given time interval, a certain fraction ... Quantum mechanics works completely di erently, as can be seen by repeating the double-slit experiment for electrons. What one observes is that electrons still reach the detector in \lumps", but now P 12(x) 6= P 1(x) + P 2(x). Moreover, the observed probability distribution looks suspiciously like the interferenceIn quantum mechanics, the probability current (sometimes called probability flux) is a mathematical quantity describing the flow of probability.Specifically, if one thinks of probability as a heterogeneous fluid, then the probability current is the rate of flow of this fluid. It is a real vector that changes with space and time. Probability currents are …Manufacturing Engineer at Schlumberger Company, Cameron | SPD First Rank Winner (Aramco Project) l KFUPM Mechanical Engineer Alumni l Interned in NESR | SCE …Quantum mechanics definition states that it is a basic theory in physics that offers a description of the physical attributes of nature at the scale of atoms and subatomic particles. It is the basis of all quantum physics incorporating the …David Tong: Lectures on Topics in Quantum Mechanics. This is an advanced course on quantum mechanics. It covers a wide range of topics, including an introduction to atomic physics, quantum foundations and scattering theory. Please do email me if you find any typos or mistakes. PostScript PDF. Content.Quantum physics is the study of matter and energy at the most fundamental level. It aims to uncover the properties and behaviors of the very building blocks of nature. While many …In his estimation, quantum mechanics is a broad-brush theory that expresses the overall behavior of nature’s building blocks but lacks the resolution to capture individual cases. A deeper, more ...This course presents the fundamental concepts of quantum mechanics: wave properties, uncertainty principles, the Schrödinger equation, and operator and matrix methods. Key topics include commutation rule definitions of scalar, vector, and spherical tensor operators; the Wigner-Eckart theorem; and 3j (Clebsch-Gordan) coefficients. In addition, we deal …4.8 stars. 6 ratings. Learn the fundamental notions of quantum mechanics at a level that is accessible to everyone. This course is listed as one of the best online courses of all time by Class Central and was a finalist for the 2018 edX Prize for Exceptional Contributions to Online Teaching and Learning. Play Video. 6 weeks. 7–10 hours per week. A simple and clear explanation of all the important features of quantum physics that you need to know. Check out this video's sponsor https://brilliant.org/d... Lewis presents quantum mechanics as a theory of matrix mechanics and then, in the continuum limit, as a theory of wave mechanics. He gives a clear visual explanation of the use of different bases for spin, which nicely sets up the proof of Bell's theorem in chapter 2. All of this is done without requiring the reader to multiply matrices …Feb 10, 2022 · 🌎 Get Our Merch designed with https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCNYaxPiba3oxmeL_3jKxnYA/store💫Get 10% off Under Lucky Stars and enjoy our star maps comple... Quantum mechanics is a hypothesis in material science that gives a depiction of the actual properties of nature at the size of atoms and subatomic particles. It is the foundation of all quantum material science including quantum science, quantum field hypothesis, quantum innovation, and quantum data science.Nov 2, 2010 · One of the most basic consequences of quantum mechanics is that there is a wave associated with the motion of all matter, including electrons in an atom. Schrödinger came up with an equation that ... A simple and clear explanation of all the important features of quantum physics that you need to know. Check out this video's sponsor https://brilliant.org/d...Chapter 2: 1D Wave Mechanics. Chapter 3: Higher Dimensionality Effects. Chapter 4: Bra-ket Formalism. Chapter 5: Some Exactly Solvable Problems. Chapter 6: Perturbation Theories. Chapter 7: Open Quantum Systems. Chapter 8: Multiparticle Systems. Chapter 9: Introduction to Relativistic Quantum. Chapter 10: Making Sense of Quantum …The quantum harmonic oscillator is the quantum-mechanical analog of the classical harmonic oscillator. Because an arbitrary smooth potential can usually be approximated as a harmonic potential at the vicinity of a stable equilibrium point, it is one of the most important model systems in quantum mechanics.Lecture 22: Metals, Insulators, and Semiconductors. video. 263 MB. Lecture 23: More on Spin. video. 265 MB. Lecture 24: Entanglement: QComputing, EPR, and Bell's Theorem. MIT OpenCourseWare is a web based publication of virtually all MIT course content. OCW is open and available to the world and is a permanent MIT activity.All are based upon quantum theory (i.e., quantum mechanics and quantum field theory) and relativity, which together form the theoretical foundations of modern physics. Many …The old quantum theory is a collection of results from the years 1900–1925 which predate modern quantum mechanics. The theory was never complete or self-consistent, but was rather a set of heuristic corrections to classical mechanics. The theory is now understood as a semi-classical approximation to modern quantum mechanics.Sep 15, 2014 · View full lesson: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/particles-and-waves-the-central-mystery-of-quantum-mechanics-chad-orzelOne of the most amazing facts in physics i... This course presents the fundamental concepts of quantum mechanics: wave properties, uncertainty principles, the Schrödinger equation, and operator and matrix methods. Key topics include commutation rule definitions of scalar, vector, and spherical tensor operators; the Wigner-Eckart theorem; and 3j (Clebsch-Gordan) coefficients. In addition, we deal with many-body systems, exemplified by ... The index n n is called the energy quantum number or principal quantum number. The state for n = 2 n = 2 is the first excited state, the state for n = 3 n = 3 is the second excited state, and so on. The first three quantum states (for n = 1, 2, and 3) of a particle in a box are shown in Figure 4.5.2 4.5. 2. There’s quantum mechanics, the basic mathematical framework that underpins it all, which was first developed in the 1920s by Niels Bohr, Werner Heisenberg, Erwin Schrödinger and others. It ... This page titled 1: Introduction to Quantum Mechanics is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Niels Walet via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform; a detailed edit history is available upon request. According to the postulates of quantum mechanics, if the wavefunction defined in Equation \ref{2} is an eigenfunction of this Hamiltonian, every time we measure the total energy of the electron we will measure the corresponding eigenvalue. In other words, if this is true: \(\hat H \psi = a \psi\), then the constant \(a\) is the energy of one ...Quantum tunnelling falls under the domain of quantum mechanics: the study of what happens at the quantum scale, which classical mechanics cannot explain. To understand the phenomenon, particles attempting to travel across a potential barrier can be compared to a ball trying to roll over a hill.Quantum Mechanics. Ph: (02) 4961 1795 97 Denison Street Hamilton, Newcastle NSW 2303 View Map. Courtesy Vehicles. We offer a convenient vehicle loan service. SWAP'N'GO. Simply drop off your car and drive away in Quantum Courtesy Car. It's FREE!! Book Now. Go Green.In quantum mechanics, the probability current (sometimes called probability flux) is a mathematical quantity describing the flow of probability.Specifically, if one thinks of probability as a heterogeneous fluid, then the probability current is the rate of flow of this fluid. It is a real vector that changes with space and time. Probability currents are …Provided to YouTube by Back Lot MusicQuantum Mechanics · Ludwig GöranssonOppenheimer (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)℗ 2023 Back Lot Music, a Division of...These examples show that commutators are not specific of quantum mechanics but can be found in everyday life. We now want an example for QM operators. The most famous commutation relationship is between the position and momentum operators. Consider first the 1D case. We want to know what is \(\left[\hat{x}, \hat{p}_{x}\right] \) (I’ll omit ...According to the postulates of quantum mechanics, if the wavefunction defined in Equation \ref{2} is an eigenfunction of this Hamiltonian, every time we measure the total energy of the electron we will measure the corresponding eigenvalue. In other words, if this is true: \(\hat H \psi = a \psi\), then the constant \(a\) is the energy of one ...Relativistic Quantum Mechanics 486 8.1 Paths to Relativistic Quantum Mechanics 486 8.2 The Dirac Equation 494 8.3 Symmetries of the Dirac Equation 501 8.4 Solving with a Central Potential 506 8.5 Relativistic Quantum Field Theory 514 A Electromagnetic Units 519 A.1 Coulomb s Law, Charge, and Current 519 A.2 Converting Between Systems 520 BQuantum mechanics - Heisenberg, Uncertainty, Principle: The observables discussed so far have had discrete sets of experimental values. For example, the values of the energy of a bound system are always discrete, and angular momentum components have values that take the form mℏ, where m is either an integer or a half-integer, positive or negative. …7.2: Wave functions. In quantum mechanics, the state of a physical system is represented by a wave function. In Born’s interpretation, the square of the particle’s wave function represents the probability density of finding the particle around a specific location in space. Wave functions must first be normalized before using them to make ...
This is the first course in the undergraduate Quantum Physics sequence. It introduces the basic features of quantum mechanics. It covers the experimental basis of quantum …. New york flight to paris
Mar 15, 2022 · 1. The quantum world is lumpy. (Image credit: getty) The quantum world has a lot in common with shoes. You can’t just go to a shop and pick out sneakers that are an exact match for your feet ... In quantum mechanics with complex numbers, the particles Alice and Charlie receive don’t need to be entangled with each other. No real-number description, however, can replicate the pattern of correlations that the three physicists will measure. The new paper shows that treating the system as real requires introducing extra information that ...Quantum mechanics - Applications, Particles, Waves: As has been noted, quantum mechanics has been enormously successful in explaining microscopic phenomena in all branches of physics. The three phenomena described in this section are examples that demonstrate the quintessence of the theory. The kaon (also called the K0 meson), …The Principal Quantum Number (\(n\)) The principal quantum number, \(n\), designates the principal electron shell. Because n describes the most probable distance of the electrons from the nucleus, the larger the number n is, the farther the electron is from the nucleus, the larger the size of the orbital, and the larger the atom is.n can be any positive …His record of successful theoretical research with undergraduate students was recognized in 2011 when he was named as a KITP-Anacapa scholar. AI generated results by. Discover Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, 3rd Edition, David J. Griffiths, HB ISBN: 9781107189638 on Higher Education from Cambridge.Apr 3, 2024 · MIT researchers observe a hallmark quantum behavior in bouncing droplets. In a study that could help fill some holes in quantum theory, the team recreated a “quantum bomb tester” in a classical droplet test. December 12, 2023. Read full story. Quantum mechanics offers us a way to describe the atomic world to a surprising degree of precision. Its predictions often defy our intuition of the world. All of the remarkable and surprising quantum phenomena come from the fact that probability is at the heart of quantum mechanics. We can never know what will happen for sure.Course Description. This course covers the experimental basis of quantum physics. It introduces wave mechanics, Schrödinger’s equation in a single dimension, and Schrödinger’s equation in three dimensions. It is the first course in the undergraduate Quantum Physics sequence, followed by 8.05 Quantum Physics II and 8.06 Quantum ….Quantum mechanics describes the properties of atoms and molecules. For humans, who can only perceive the macroscopic world, or what’s visible to the naked eye, quantum mechanics can seem ...The quantum mind or quantum consciousness is a group of hypotheses proposing that local physical laws and interactions from classical mechanics or connections between neurons alone cannot explain consciousness, positing instead that quantum-mechanical phenomena, such as entanglement and superposition that cause nonlocalized quantum …Quantum mechanics is the best tool we have to understand how the universe works on its smallest scales. Everything we can see around us, from far-off galaxies to our own bodies, is made up of...Sep 15, 2014 · View full lesson: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/particles-and-waves-the-central-mystery-of-quantum-mechanics-chad-orzelOne of the most amazing facts in physics i... Quantum physics is sometimes called quantum mechanics or quantum field theory. It also has various subfields, as discussed above, which are sometimes used interchangeably with quantum physics, though quantum physics is actually the broader term for all of these disciplines.Basic Concepts of Quantum Mechanics. Quantum mechanics is a key known feature of physics, and also, it seems, a natural and inevitable feature of our models. In classical physics — or in a system like a cellular automaton — one basically has rules that specify a unique path of history for the evolution of a system. Quantum physics is the result of applying the framework of quantum mechanics to di erent physical phenomena. We thus have Quantum Electrodynamics, when quantum mechanics is applied to electromagnetism, Quantum Optics, when it is applied to light and optical devices, or Quantum Gravity, when it is applied to gravitation. Quantum physics is the result of applying the framework of quantum mechanics to di erent physical phenomena. We thus have Quantum Electrodynamics, when quantum mechanics is applied to electromagnetism, Quantum Optics, when it is applied to light and optical devices, or Quantum Gravity, when it is applied to gravitation.Quantum is an open-access peer-reviewed journal for quantum science and related fields. Quantum is non-profit and community-run: an effort by researchers and for researchers to make science more open and publishing more transparent and efficient. Sign up for our monthly digest of papers and other news..